2211 lines
77 KiB
Python
2211 lines
77 KiB
Python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
|
|
"""
|
|
werkzeug.routing
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
When it comes to combining multiple controller or view functions (however
|
|
you want to call them) you need a dispatcher. A simple way would be
|
|
applying regular expression tests on the ``PATH_INFO`` and calling
|
|
registered callback functions that return the value then.
|
|
|
|
This module implements a much more powerful system than simple regular
|
|
expression matching because it can also convert values in the URLs and
|
|
build URLs.
|
|
|
|
Here a simple example that creates an URL map for an application with
|
|
two subdomains (www and kb) and some URL rules:
|
|
|
|
>>> m = Map([
|
|
... # Static URLs
|
|
... Rule('/', endpoint='static/index'),
|
|
... Rule('/about', endpoint='static/about'),
|
|
... Rule('/help', endpoint='static/help'),
|
|
... # Knowledge Base
|
|
... Subdomain('kb', [
|
|
... Rule('/', endpoint='kb/index'),
|
|
... Rule('/browse/', endpoint='kb/browse'),
|
|
... Rule('/browse/<int:id>/', endpoint='kb/browse'),
|
|
... Rule('/browse/<int:id>/<int:page>', endpoint='kb/browse')
|
|
... ])
|
|
... ], default_subdomain='www')
|
|
|
|
If the application doesn't use subdomains it's perfectly fine to not set
|
|
the default subdomain and not use the `Subdomain` rule factory. The endpoint
|
|
in the rules can be anything, for example import paths or unique
|
|
identifiers. The WSGI application can use those endpoints to get the
|
|
handler for that URL. It doesn't have to be a string at all but it's
|
|
recommended.
|
|
|
|
Now it's possible to create a URL adapter for one of the subdomains and
|
|
build URLs:
|
|
|
|
>>> c = m.bind('example.com')
|
|
>>> c.build("kb/browse", dict(id=42))
|
|
'http://kb.example.com/browse/42/'
|
|
>>> c.build("kb/browse", dict())
|
|
'http://kb.example.com/browse/'
|
|
>>> c.build("kb/browse", dict(id=42, page=3))
|
|
'http://kb.example.com/browse/42/3'
|
|
>>> c.build("static/about")
|
|
'/about'
|
|
>>> c.build("static/index", force_external=True)
|
|
'http://www.example.com/'
|
|
|
|
>>> c = m.bind('example.com', subdomain='kb')
|
|
>>> c.build("static/about")
|
|
'http://www.example.com/about'
|
|
|
|
The first argument to bind is the server name *without* the subdomain.
|
|
Per default it will assume that the script is mounted on the root, but
|
|
often that's not the case so you can provide the real mount point as
|
|
second argument:
|
|
|
|
>>> c = m.bind('example.com', '/applications/example')
|
|
|
|
The third argument can be the subdomain, if not given the default
|
|
subdomain is used. For more details about binding have a look at the
|
|
documentation of the `MapAdapter`.
|
|
|
|
And here is how you can match URLs:
|
|
|
|
>>> c = m.bind('example.com')
|
|
>>> c.match("/")
|
|
('static/index', {})
|
|
>>> c.match("/about")
|
|
('static/about', {})
|
|
>>> c = m.bind('example.com', '/', 'kb')
|
|
>>> c.match("/")
|
|
('kb/index', {})
|
|
>>> c.match("/browse/42/23")
|
|
('kb/browse', {'id': 42, 'page': 23})
|
|
|
|
If matching fails you get a `NotFound` exception, if the rule thinks
|
|
it's a good idea to redirect (for example because the URL was defined
|
|
to have a slash at the end but the request was missing that slash) it
|
|
will raise a `RequestRedirect` exception. Both are subclasses of the
|
|
`HTTPException` so you can use those errors as responses in the
|
|
application.
|
|
|
|
If matching succeeded but the URL rule was incompatible to the given
|
|
method (for example there were only rules for `GET` and `HEAD` and
|
|
routing system tried to match a `POST` request) a `MethodNotAllowed`
|
|
exception is raised.
|
|
|
|
|
|
:copyright: 2007 Pallets
|
|
:license: BSD-3-Clause
|
|
"""
|
|
import ast
|
|
import difflib
|
|
import posixpath
|
|
import re
|
|
import uuid
|
|
import warnings
|
|
from pprint import pformat
|
|
from threading import Lock
|
|
|
|
from ._compat import implements_to_string
|
|
from ._compat import iteritems
|
|
from ._compat import itervalues
|
|
from ._compat import native_string_result
|
|
from ._compat import string_types
|
|
from ._compat import text_type
|
|
from ._compat import to_bytes
|
|
from ._compat import to_unicode
|
|
from ._compat import wsgi_decoding_dance
|
|
from ._internal import _encode_idna
|
|
from ._internal import _get_environ
|
|
from .datastructures import ImmutableDict
|
|
from .datastructures import MultiDict
|
|
from .exceptions import BadHost
|
|
from .exceptions import BadRequest
|
|
from .exceptions import HTTPException
|
|
from .exceptions import MethodNotAllowed
|
|
from .exceptions import NotFound
|
|
from .urls import _fast_url_quote
|
|
from .urls import url_encode
|
|
from .urls import url_join
|
|
from .urls import url_quote
|
|
from .utils import cached_property
|
|
from .utils import format_string
|
|
from .utils import redirect
|
|
from .wsgi import get_host
|
|
|
|
_rule_re = re.compile(
|
|
r"""
|
|
(?P<static>[^<]*) # static rule data
|
|
<
|
|
(?:
|
|
(?P<converter>[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*) # converter name
|
|
(?:\((?P<args>.*?)\))? # converter arguments
|
|
\: # variable delimiter
|
|
)?
|
|
(?P<variable>[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*) # variable name
|
|
>
|
|
""",
|
|
re.VERBOSE,
|
|
)
|
|
_simple_rule_re = re.compile(r"<([^>]+)>")
|
|
_converter_args_re = re.compile(
|
|
r"""
|
|
((?P<name>\w+)\s*=\s*)?
|
|
(?P<value>
|
|
True|False|
|
|
\d+.\d+|
|
|
\d+.|
|
|
\d+|
|
|
[\w\d_.]+|
|
|
[urUR]?(?P<stringval>"[^"]*?"|'[^']*')
|
|
)\s*,
|
|
""",
|
|
re.VERBOSE | re.UNICODE,
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
_PYTHON_CONSTANTS = {"None": None, "True": True, "False": False}
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _pythonize(value):
|
|
if value in _PYTHON_CONSTANTS:
|
|
return _PYTHON_CONSTANTS[value]
|
|
for convert in int, float:
|
|
try:
|
|
return convert(value)
|
|
except ValueError:
|
|
pass
|
|
if value[:1] == value[-1:] and value[0] in "\"'":
|
|
value = value[1:-1]
|
|
return text_type(value)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def parse_converter_args(argstr):
|
|
argstr += ","
|
|
args = []
|
|
kwargs = {}
|
|
|
|
for item in _converter_args_re.finditer(argstr):
|
|
value = item.group("stringval")
|
|
if value is None:
|
|
value = item.group("value")
|
|
value = _pythonize(value)
|
|
if not item.group("name"):
|
|
args.append(value)
|
|
else:
|
|
name = item.group("name")
|
|
kwargs[name] = value
|
|
|
|
return tuple(args), kwargs
|
|
|
|
|
|
def parse_rule(rule):
|
|
"""Parse a rule and return it as generator. Each iteration yields tuples
|
|
in the form ``(converter, arguments, variable)``. If the converter is
|
|
`None` it's a static url part, otherwise it's a dynamic one.
|
|
|
|
:internal:
|
|
"""
|
|
pos = 0
|
|
end = len(rule)
|
|
do_match = _rule_re.match
|
|
used_names = set()
|
|
while pos < end:
|
|
m = do_match(rule, pos)
|
|
if m is None:
|
|
break
|
|
data = m.groupdict()
|
|
if data["static"]:
|
|
yield None, None, data["static"]
|
|
variable = data["variable"]
|
|
converter = data["converter"] or "default"
|
|
if variable in used_names:
|
|
raise ValueError("variable name %r used twice." % variable)
|
|
used_names.add(variable)
|
|
yield converter, data["args"] or None, variable
|
|
pos = m.end()
|
|
if pos < end:
|
|
remaining = rule[pos:]
|
|
if ">" in remaining or "<" in remaining:
|
|
raise ValueError("malformed url rule: %r" % rule)
|
|
yield None, None, remaining
|
|
|
|
|
|
class RoutingException(Exception):
|
|
"""Special exceptions that require the application to redirect, notifying
|
|
about missing urls, etc.
|
|
|
|
:internal:
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
class RequestRedirect(HTTPException, RoutingException):
|
|
"""Raise if the map requests a redirect. This is for example the case if
|
|
`strict_slashes` are activated and an url that requires a trailing slash.
|
|
|
|
The attribute `new_url` contains the absolute destination url.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
code = 308
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, new_url):
|
|
RoutingException.__init__(self, new_url)
|
|
self.new_url = new_url
|
|
|
|
def get_response(self, environ=None):
|
|
return redirect(self.new_url, self.code)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class RequestPath(RoutingException):
|
|
"""Internal exception."""
|
|
|
|
__slots__ = ("path_info",)
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, path_info):
|
|
self.path_info = path_info
|
|
|
|
|
|
class RequestAliasRedirect(RoutingException): # noqa: B903
|
|
"""This rule is an alias and wants to redirect to the canonical URL."""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, matched_values):
|
|
self.matched_values = matched_values
|
|
|
|
|
|
@implements_to_string
|
|
class BuildError(RoutingException, LookupError):
|
|
"""Raised if the build system cannot find a URL for an endpoint with the
|
|
values provided.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, endpoint, values, method, adapter=None):
|
|
LookupError.__init__(self, endpoint, values, method)
|
|
self.endpoint = endpoint
|
|
self.values = values
|
|
self.method = method
|
|
self.adapter = adapter
|
|
|
|
@cached_property
|
|
def suggested(self):
|
|
return self.closest_rule(self.adapter)
|
|
|
|
def closest_rule(self, adapter):
|
|
def _score_rule(rule):
|
|
return sum(
|
|
[
|
|
0.98
|
|
* difflib.SequenceMatcher(
|
|
None, rule.endpoint, self.endpoint
|
|
).ratio(),
|
|
0.01 * bool(set(self.values or ()).issubset(rule.arguments)),
|
|
0.01 * bool(rule.methods and self.method in rule.methods),
|
|
]
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
if adapter and adapter.map._rules:
|
|
return max(adapter.map._rules, key=_score_rule)
|
|
|
|
def __str__(self):
|
|
message = []
|
|
message.append("Could not build url for endpoint %r" % self.endpoint)
|
|
if self.method:
|
|
message.append(" (%r)" % self.method)
|
|
if self.values:
|
|
message.append(" with values %r" % sorted(self.values.keys()))
|
|
message.append(".")
|
|
if self.suggested:
|
|
if self.endpoint == self.suggested.endpoint:
|
|
if self.method and self.method not in self.suggested.methods:
|
|
message.append(
|
|
" Did you mean to use methods %r?"
|
|
% sorted(self.suggested.methods)
|
|
)
|
|
missing_values = self.suggested.arguments.union(
|
|
set(self.suggested.defaults or ())
|
|
) - set(self.values.keys())
|
|
if missing_values:
|
|
message.append(
|
|
" Did you forget to specify values %r?" % sorted(missing_values)
|
|
)
|
|
else:
|
|
message.append(" Did you mean %r instead?" % self.suggested.endpoint)
|
|
return u"".join(message)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class WebsocketMismatch(BadRequest):
|
|
"""The only matched rule is either a WebSocket and the request is
|
|
HTTP, or the rule is HTTP and the request is a WebSocket.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
class ValidationError(ValueError):
|
|
"""Validation error. If a rule converter raises this exception the rule
|
|
does not match the current URL and the next URL is tried.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
|
|
class RuleFactory(object):
|
|
"""As soon as you have more complex URL setups it's a good idea to use rule
|
|
factories to avoid repetitive tasks. Some of them are builtin, others can
|
|
be added by subclassing `RuleFactory` and overriding `get_rules`.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def get_rules(self, map):
|
|
"""Subclasses of `RuleFactory` have to override this method and return
|
|
an iterable of rules."""
|
|
raise NotImplementedError()
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Subdomain(RuleFactory):
|
|
"""All URLs provided by this factory have the subdomain set to a
|
|
specific domain. For example if you want to use the subdomain for
|
|
the current language this can be a good setup::
|
|
|
|
url_map = Map([
|
|
Rule('/', endpoint='#select_language'),
|
|
Subdomain('<string(length=2):lang_code>', [
|
|
Rule('/', endpoint='index'),
|
|
Rule('/about', endpoint='about'),
|
|
Rule('/help', endpoint='help')
|
|
])
|
|
])
|
|
|
|
All the rules except for the ``'#select_language'`` endpoint will now
|
|
listen on a two letter long subdomain that holds the language code
|
|
for the current request.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, subdomain, rules):
|
|
self.subdomain = subdomain
|
|
self.rules = rules
|
|
|
|
def get_rules(self, map):
|
|
for rulefactory in self.rules:
|
|
for rule in rulefactory.get_rules(map):
|
|
rule = rule.empty()
|
|
rule.subdomain = self.subdomain
|
|
yield rule
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Submount(RuleFactory):
|
|
"""Like `Subdomain` but prefixes the URL rule with a given string::
|
|
|
|
url_map = Map([
|
|
Rule('/', endpoint='index'),
|
|
Submount('/blog', [
|
|
Rule('/', endpoint='blog/index'),
|
|
Rule('/entry/<entry_slug>', endpoint='blog/show')
|
|
])
|
|
])
|
|
|
|
Now the rule ``'blog/show'`` matches ``/blog/entry/<entry_slug>``.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, path, rules):
|
|
self.path = path.rstrip("/")
|
|
self.rules = rules
|
|
|
|
def get_rules(self, map):
|
|
for rulefactory in self.rules:
|
|
for rule in rulefactory.get_rules(map):
|
|
rule = rule.empty()
|
|
rule.rule = self.path + rule.rule
|
|
yield rule
|
|
|
|
|
|
class EndpointPrefix(RuleFactory):
|
|
"""Prefixes all endpoints (which must be strings for this factory) with
|
|
another string. This can be useful for sub applications::
|
|
|
|
url_map = Map([
|
|
Rule('/', endpoint='index'),
|
|
EndpointPrefix('blog/', [Submount('/blog', [
|
|
Rule('/', endpoint='index'),
|
|
Rule('/entry/<entry_slug>', endpoint='show')
|
|
])])
|
|
])
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, prefix, rules):
|
|
self.prefix = prefix
|
|
self.rules = rules
|
|
|
|
def get_rules(self, map):
|
|
for rulefactory in self.rules:
|
|
for rule in rulefactory.get_rules(map):
|
|
rule = rule.empty()
|
|
rule.endpoint = self.prefix + rule.endpoint
|
|
yield rule
|
|
|
|
|
|
class RuleTemplate(object):
|
|
"""Returns copies of the rules wrapped and expands string templates in
|
|
the endpoint, rule, defaults or subdomain sections.
|
|
|
|
Here a small example for such a rule template::
|
|
|
|
from werkzeug.routing import Map, Rule, RuleTemplate
|
|
|
|
resource = RuleTemplate([
|
|
Rule('/$name/', endpoint='$name.list'),
|
|
Rule('/$name/<int:id>', endpoint='$name.show')
|
|
])
|
|
|
|
url_map = Map([resource(name='user'), resource(name='page')])
|
|
|
|
When a rule template is called the keyword arguments are used to
|
|
replace the placeholders in all the string parameters.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, rules):
|
|
self.rules = list(rules)
|
|
|
|
def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
|
|
return RuleTemplateFactory(self.rules, dict(*args, **kwargs))
|
|
|
|
|
|
class RuleTemplateFactory(RuleFactory):
|
|
"""A factory that fills in template variables into rules. Used by
|
|
`RuleTemplate` internally.
|
|
|
|
:internal:
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, rules, context):
|
|
self.rules = rules
|
|
self.context = context
|
|
|
|
def get_rules(self, map):
|
|
for rulefactory in self.rules:
|
|
for rule in rulefactory.get_rules(map):
|
|
new_defaults = subdomain = None
|
|
if rule.defaults:
|
|
new_defaults = {}
|
|
for key, value in iteritems(rule.defaults):
|
|
if isinstance(value, string_types):
|
|
value = format_string(value, self.context)
|
|
new_defaults[key] = value
|
|
if rule.subdomain is not None:
|
|
subdomain = format_string(rule.subdomain, self.context)
|
|
new_endpoint = rule.endpoint
|
|
if isinstance(new_endpoint, string_types):
|
|
new_endpoint = format_string(new_endpoint, self.context)
|
|
yield Rule(
|
|
format_string(rule.rule, self.context),
|
|
new_defaults,
|
|
subdomain,
|
|
rule.methods,
|
|
rule.build_only,
|
|
new_endpoint,
|
|
rule.strict_slashes,
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _prefix_names(src):
|
|
"""ast parse and prefix names with `.` to avoid collision with user vars"""
|
|
tree = ast.parse(src).body[0]
|
|
if isinstance(tree, ast.Expr):
|
|
tree = tree.value
|
|
for node in ast.walk(tree):
|
|
if isinstance(node, ast.Name):
|
|
node.id = "." + node.id
|
|
return tree
|
|
|
|
|
|
_CALL_CONVERTER_CODE_FMT = "self._converters[{elem!r}].to_url()"
|
|
_IF_KWARGS_URL_ENCODE_CODE = """\
|
|
if kwargs:
|
|
q = '?'
|
|
params = self._encode_query_vars(kwargs)
|
|
else:
|
|
q = params = ''
|
|
"""
|
|
_IF_KWARGS_URL_ENCODE_AST = _prefix_names(_IF_KWARGS_URL_ENCODE_CODE)
|
|
_URL_ENCODE_AST_NAMES = (_prefix_names("q"), _prefix_names("params"))
|
|
|
|
|
|
@implements_to_string
|
|
class Rule(RuleFactory):
|
|
"""A Rule represents one URL pattern. There are some options for `Rule`
|
|
that change the way it behaves and are passed to the `Rule` constructor.
|
|
Note that besides the rule-string all arguments *must* be keyword arguments
|
|
in order to not break the application on Werkzeug upgrades.
|
|
|
|
`string`
|
|
Rule strings basically are just normal URL paths with placeholders in
|
|
the format ``<converter(arguments):name>`` where the converter and the
|
|
arguments are optional. If no converter is defined the `default`
|
|
converter is used which means `string` in the normal configuration.
|
|
|
|
URL rules that end with a slash are branch URLs, others are leaves.
|
|
If you have `strict_slashes` enabled (which is the default), all
|
|
branch URLs that are matched without a trailing slash will trigger a
|
|
redirect to the same URL with the missing slash appended.
|
|
|
|
The converters are defined on the `Map`.
|
|
|
|
`endpoint`
|
|
The endpoint for this rule. This can be anything. A reference to a
|
|
function, a string, a number etc. The preferred way is using a string
|
|
because the endpoint is used for URL generation.
|
|
|
|
`defaults`
|
|
An optional dict with defaults for other rules with the same endpoint.
|
|
This is a bit tricky but useful if you want to have unique URLs::
|
|
|
|
url_map = Map([
|
|
Rule('/all/', defaults={'page': 1}, endpoint='all_entries'),
|
|
Rule('/all/page/<int:page>', endpoint='all_entries')
|
|
])
|
|
|
|
If a user now visits ``http://example.com/all/page/1`` he will be
|
|
redirected to ``http://example.com/all/``. If `redirect_defaults` is
|
|
disabled on the `Map` instance this will only affect the URL
|
|
generation.
|
|
|
|
`subdomain`
|
|
The subdomain rule string for this rule. If not specified the rule
|
|
only matches for the `default_subdomain` of the map. If the map is
|
|
not bound to a subdomain this feature is disabled.
|
|
|
|
Can be useful if you want to have user profiles on different subdomains
|
|
and all subdomains are forwarded to your application::
|
|
|
|
url_map = Map([
|
|
Rule('/', subdomain='<username>', endpoint='user/homepage'),
|
|
Rule('/stats', subdomain='<username>', endpoint='user/stats')
|
|
])
|
|
|
|
`methods`
|
|
A sequence of http methods this rule applies to. If not specified, all
|
|
methods are allowed. For example this can be useful if you want different
|
|
endpoints for `POST` and `GET`. If methods are defined and the path
|
|
matches but the method matched against is not in this list or in the
|
|
list of another rule for that path the error raised is of the type
|
|
`MethodNotAllowed` rather than `NotFound`. If `GET` is present in the
|
|
list of methods and `HEAD` is not, `HEAD` is added automatically.
|
|
|
|
`strict_slashes`
|
|
Override the `Map` setting for `strict_slashes` only for this rule. If
|
|
not specified the `Map` setting is used.
|
|
|
|
`merge_slashes`
|
|
Override :attr:`Map.merge_slashes` for this rule.
|
|
|
|
`build_only`
|
|
Set this to True and the rule will never match but will create a URL
|
|
that can be build. This is useful if you have resources on a subdomain
|
|
or folder that are not handled by the WSGI application (like static data)
|
|
|
|
`redirect_to`
|
|
If given this must be either a string or callable. In case of a
|
|
callable it's called with the url adapter that triggered the match and
|
|
the values of the URL as keyword arguments and has to return the target
|
|
for the redirect, otherwise it has to be a string with placeholders in
|
|
rule syntax::
|
|
|
|
def foo_with_slug(adapter, id):
|
|
# ask the database for the slug for the old id. this of
|
|
# course has nothing to do with werkzeug.
|
|
return 'foo/' + Foo.get_slug_for_id(id)
|
|
|
|
url_map = Map([
|
|
Rule('/foo/<slug>', endpoint='foo'),
|
|
Rule('/some/old/url/<slug>', redirect_to='foo/<slug>'),
|
|
Rule('/other/old/url/<int:id>', redirect_to=foo_with_slug)
|
|
])
|
|
|
|
When the rule is matched the routing system will raise a
|
|
`RequestRedirect` exception with the target for the redirect.
|
|
|
|
Keep in mind that the URL will be joined against the URL root of the
|
|
script so don't use a leading slash on the target URL unless you
|
|
really mean root of that domain.
|
|
|
|
`alias`
|
|
If enabled this rule serves as an alias for another rule with the same
|
|
endpoint and arguments.
|
|
|
|
`host`
|
|
If provided and the URL map has host matching enabled this can be
|
|
used to provide a match rule for the whole host. This also means
|
|
that the subdomain feature is disabled.
|
|
|
|
`websocket`
|
|
If ``True``, this rule is only matches for WebSocket (``ws://``,
|
|
``wss://``) requests. By default, rules will only match for HTTP
|
|
requests.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 1.0
|
|
Added ``websocket``.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 1.0
|
|
Added ``merge_slashes``.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.7
|
|
Added ``alias`` and ``host``.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 0.6.1
|
|
``HEAD`` is added to ``methods`` if ``GET`` is present.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(
|
|
self,
|
|
string,
|
|
defaults=None,
|
|
subdomain=None,
|
|
methods=None,
|
|
build_only=False,
|
|
endpoint=None,
|
|
strict_slashes=None,
|
|
merge_slashes=None,
|
|
redirect_to=None,
|
|
alias=False,
|
|
host=None,
|
|
websocket=False,
|
|
):
|
|
if not string.startswith("/"):
|
|
raise ValueError("urls must start with a leading slash")
|
|
self.rule = string
|
|
self.is_leaf = not string.endswith("/")
|
|
|
|
self.map = None
|
|
self.strict_slashes = strict_slashes
|
|
self.merge_slashes = merge_slashes
|
|
self.subdomain = subdomain
|
|
self.host = host
|
|
self.defaults = defaults
|
|
self.build_only = build_only
|
|
self.alias = alias
|
|
self.websocket = websocket
|
|
|
|
if methods is not None:
|
|
if isinstance(methods, str):
|
|
raise TypeError("'methods' should be a list of strings.")
|
|
|
|
methods = {x.upper() for x in methods}
|
|
|
|
if "HEAD" not in methods and "GET" in methods:
|
|
methods.add("HEAD")
|
|
|
|
if websocket and methods - {"GET", "HEAD", "OPTIONS"}:
|
|
raise ValueError(
|
|
"WebSocket rules can only use 'GET', 'HEAD', and 'OPTIONS' methods."
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
self.methods = methods
|
|
self.endpoint = endpoint
|
|
self.redirect_to = redirect_to
|
|
|
|
if defaults:
|
|
self.arguments = set(map(str, defaults))
|
|
else:
|
|
self.arguments = set()
|
|
self._trace = self._converters = self._regex = self._argument_weights = None
|
|
|
|
def empty(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Return an unbound copy of this rule.
|
|
|
|
This can be useful if want to reuse an already bound URL for another
|
|
map. See ``get_empty_kwargs`` to override what keyword arguments are
|
|
provided to the new copy.
|
|
"""
|
|
return type(self)(self.rule, **self.get_empty_kwargs())
|
|
|
|
def get_empty_kwargs(self):
|
|
"""
|
|
Provides kwargs for instantiating empty copy with empty()
|
|
|
|
Use this method to provide custom keyword arguments to the subclass of
|
|
``Rule`` when calling ``some_rule.empty()``. Helpful when the subclass
|
|
has custom keyword arguments that are needed at instantiation.
|
|
|
|
Must return a ``dict`` that will be provided as kwargs to the new
|
|
instance of ``Rule``, following the initial ``self.rule`` value which
|
|
is always provided as the first, required positional argument.
|
|
"""
|
|
defaults = None
|
|
if self.defaults:
|
|
defaults = dict(self.defaults)
|
|
return dict(
|
|
defaults=defaults,
|
|
subdomain=self.subdomain,
|
|
methods=self.methods,
|
|
build_only=self.build_only,
|
|
endpoint=self.endpoint,
|
|
strict_slashes=self.strict_slashes,
|
|
redirect_to=self.redirect_to,
|
|
alias=self.alias,
|
|
host=self.host,
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def get_rules(self, map):
|
|
yield self
|
|
|
|
def refresh(self):
|
|
"""Rebinds and refreshes the URL. Call this if you modified the
|
|
rule in place.
|
|
|
|
:internal:
|
|
"""
|
|
self.bind(self.map, rebind=True)
|
|
|
|
def bind(self, map, rebind=False):
|
|
"""Bind the url to a map and create a regular expression based on
|
|
the information from the rule itself and the defaults from the map.
|
|
|
|
:internal:
|
|
"""
|
|
if self.map is not None and not rebind:
|
|
raise RuntimeError("url rule %r already bound to map %r" % (self, self.map))
|
|
self.map = map
|
|
if self.strict_slashes is None:
|
|
self.strict_slashes = map.strict_slashes
|
|
if self.merge_slashes is None:
|
|
self.merge_slashes = map.merge_slashes
|
|
if self.subdomain is None:
|
|
self.subdomain = map.default_subdomain
|
|
self.compile()
|
|
|
|
def get_converter(self, variable_name, converter_name, args, kwargs):
|
|
"""Looks up the converter for the given parameter.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.9
|
|
"""
|
|
if converter_name not in self.map.converters:
|
|
raise LookupError("the converter %r does not exist" % converter_name)
|
|
return self.map.converters[converter_name](self.map, *args, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
def _encode_query_vars(self, query_vars):
|
|
return url_encode(
|
|
query_vars,
|
|
charset=self.map.charset,
|
|
sort=self.map.sort_parameters,
|
|
key=self.map.sort_key,
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def compile(self):
|
|
"""Compiles the regular expression and stores it."""
|
|
assert self.map is not None, "rule not bound"
|
|
|
|
if self.map.host_matching:
|
|
domain_rule = self.host or ""
|
|
else:
|
|
domain_rule = self.subdomain or ""
|
|
|
|
self._trace = []
|
|
self._converters = {}
|
|
self._static_weights = []
|
|
self._argument_weights = []
|
|
regex_parts = []
|
|
|
|
def _build_regex(rule):
|
|
index = 0
|
|
for converter, arguments, variable in parse_rule(rule):
|
|
if converter is None:
|
|
for match in re.finditer(r"/+|[^/]+", variable):
|
|
part = match.group(0)
|
|
if part.startswith("/"):
|
|
if self.merge_slashes:
|
|
regex_parts.append(r"/+?")
|
|
self._trace.append((False, "/"))
|
|
else:
|
|
regex_parts.append(part)
|
|
self._trace.append((False, part))
|
|
continue
|
|
self._trace.append((False, part))
|
|
regex_parts.append(re.escape(part))
|
|
if part:
|
|
self._static_weights.append((index, -len(part)))
|
|
else:
|
|
if arguments:
|
|
c_args, c_kwargs = parse_converter_args(arguments)
|
|
else:
|
|
c_args = ()
|
|
c_kwargs = {}
|
|
convobj = self.get_converter(variable, converter, c_args, c_kwargs)
|
|
regex_parts.append("(?P<%s>%s)" % (variable, convobj.regex))
|
|
self._converters[variable] = convobj
|
|
self._trace.append((True, variable))
|
|
self._argument_weights.append(convobj.weight)
|
|
self.arguments.add(str(variable))
|
|
index = index + 1
|
|
|
|
_build_regex(domain_rule)
|
|
regex_parts.append("\\|")
|
|
self._trace.append((False, "|"))
|
|
_build_regex(self.rule if self.is_leaf else self.rule.rstrip("/"))
|
|
if not self.is_leaf:
|
|
self._trace.append((False, "/"))
|
|
|
|
self._build = self._compile_builder(False).__get__(self, None)
|
|
self._build_unknown = self._compile_builder(True).__get__(self, None)
|
|
|
|
if self.build_only:
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
if not (self.is_leaf and self.strict_slashes):
|
|
reps = u"*" if self.merge_slashes else u"?"
|
|
tail = u"(?<!/)(?P<__suffix__>/%s)" % reps
|
|
else:
|
|
tail = u""
|
|
|
|
regex = u"^%s%s$" % (u"".join(regex_parts), tail)
|
|
self._regex = re.compile(regex, re.UNICODE)
|
|
|
|
def match(self, path, method=None):
|
|
"""Check if the rule matches a given path. Path is a string in the
|
|
form ``"subdomain|/path"`` and is assembled by the map. If
|
|
the map is doing host matching the subdomain part will be the host
|
|
instead.
|
|
|
|
If the rule matches a dict with the converted values is returned,
|
|
otherwise the return value is `None`.
|
|
|
|
:internal:
|
|
"""
|
|
if not self.build_only:
|
|
require_redirect = False
|
|
|
|
m = self._regex.search(path)
|
|
if m is not None:
|
|
groups = m.groupdict()
|
|
# we have a folder like part of the url without a trailing
|
|
# slash and strict slashes enabled. raise an exception that
|
|
# tells the map to redirect to the same url but with a
|
|
# trailing slash
|
|
if (
|
|
self.strict_slashes
|
|
and not self.is_leaf
|
|
and not groups.pop("__suffix__")
|
|
and (
|
|
method is None or self.methods is None or method in self.methods
|
|
)
|
|
):
|
|
path += "/"
|
|
require_redirect = True
|
|
# if we are not in strict slashes mode we have to remove
|
|
# a __suffix__
|
|
elif not self.strict_slashes:
|
|
del groups["__suffix__"]
|
|
|
|
result = {}
|
|
for name, value in iteritems(groups):
|
|
try:
|
|
value = self._converters[name].to_python(value)
|
|
except ValidationError:
|
|
return
|
|
result[str(name)] = value
|
|
if self.defaults:
|
|
result.update(self.defaults)
|
|
|
|
if self.merge_slashes:
|
|
new_path = "|".join(self.build(result, False))
|
|
if path.endswith("/") and not new_path.endswith("/"):
|
|
new_path += "/"
|
|
if new_path.count("/") < path.count("/"):
|
|
path = new_path
|
|
require_redirect = True
|
|
|
|
if require_redirect:
|
|
path = path.split("|", 1)[1]
|
|
raise RequestPath(path)
|
|
|
|
if self.alias and self.map.redirect_defaults:
|
|
raise RequestAliasRedirect(result)
|
|
|
|
return result
|
|
|
|
@staticmethod
|
|
def _get_func_code(code, name):
|
|
globs, locs = {}, {}
|
|
exec(code, globs, locs)
|
|
return locs[name]
|
|
|
|
def _compile_builder(self, append_unknown=True):
|
|
defaults = self.defaults or {}
|
|
dom_ops = []
|
|
url_ops = []
|
|
|
|
opl = dom_ops
|
|
for is_dynamic, data in self._trace:
|
|
if data == "|" and opl is dom_ops:
|
|
opl = url_ops
|
|
continue
|
|
# this seems like a silly case to ever come up but:
|
|
# if a default is given for a value that appears in the rule,
|
|
# resolve it to a constant ahead of time
|
|
if is_dynamic and data in defaults:
|
|
data = self._converters[data].to_url(defaults[data])
|
|
opl.append((False, data))
|
|
elif not is_dynamic:
|
|
opl.append(
|
|
(False, url_quote(to_bytes(data, self.map.charset), safe="/:|+"))
|
|
)
|
|
else:
|
|
opl.append((True, data))
|
|
|
|
def _convert(elem):
|
|
ret = _prefix_names(_CALL_CONVERTER_CODE_FMT.format(elem=elem))
|
|
ret.args = [ast.Name(str(elem), ast.Load())] # str for py2
|
|
return ret
|
|
|
|
def _parts(ops):
|
|
parts = [
|
|
_convert(elem) if is_dynamic else ast.Str(s=elem)
|
|
for is_dynamic, elem in ops
|
|
]
|
|
parts = parts or [ast.Str("")]
|
|
# constant fold
|
|
ret = [parts[0]]
|
|
for p in parts[1:]:
|
|
if isinstance(p, ast.Str) and isinstance(ret[-1], ast.Str):
|
|
ret[-1] = ast.Str(ret[-1].s + p.s)
|
|
else:
|
|
ret.append(p)
|
|
return ret
|
|
|
|
dom_parts = _parts(dom_ops)
|
|
url_parts = _parts(url_ops)
|
|
if not append_unknown:
|
|
body = []
|
|
else:
|
|
body = [_IF_KWARGS_URL_ENCODE_AST]
|
|
url_parts.extend(_URL_ENCODE_AST_NAMES)
|
|
|
|
def _join(parts):
|
|
if len(parts) == 1: # shortcut
|
|
return parts[0]
|
|
elif hasattr(ast, "JoinedStr"): # py36+
|
|
return ast.JoinedStr(parts)
|
|
else:
|
|
call = _prefix_names('"".join()')
|
|
call.args = [ast.Tuple(parts, ast.Load())]
|
|
return call
|
|
|
|
body.append(
|
|
ast.Return(ast.Tuple([_join(dom_parts), _join(url_parts)], ast.Load()))
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
# str is necessary for python2
|
|
pargs = [
|
|
str(elem)
|
|
for is_dynamic, elem in dom_ops + url_ops
|
|
if is_dynamic and elem not in defaults
|
|
]
|
|
kargs = [str(k) for k in defaults]
|
|
|
|
func_ast = _prefix_names("def _(): pass")
|
|
func_ast.name = "<builder:{!r}>".format(self.rule)
|
|
if hasattr(ast, "arg"): # py3
|
|
func_ast.args.args.append(ast.arg(".self", None))
|
|
for arg in pargs + kargs:
|
|
func_ast.args.args.append(ast.arg(arg, None))
|
|
func_ast.args.kwarg = ast.arg(".kwargs", None)
|
|
else:
|
|
func_ast.args.args.append(ast.Name(".self", ast.Param()))
|
|
for arg in pargs + kargs:
|
|
func_ast.args.args.append(ast.Name(arg, ast.Param()))
|
|
func_ast.args.kwarg = ".kwargs"
|
|
for _ in kargs:
|
|
func_ast.args.defaults.append(ast.Str(""))
|
|
func_ast.body = body
|
|
|
|
# use `ast.parse` instead of `ast.Module` for better portability
|
|
# python3.8 changes the signature of `ast.Module`
|
|
module = ast.parse("")
|
|
module.body = [func_ast]
|
|
|
|
# mark everything as on line 1, offset 0
|
|
# less error-prone than `ast.fix_missing_locations`
|
|
# bad line numbers cause an assert to fail in debug builds
|
|
for node in ast.walk(module):
|
|
if "lineno" in node._attributes:
|
|
node.lineno = 1
|
|
if "col_offset" in node._attributes:
|
|
node.col_offset = 0
|
|
|
|
code = compile(module, "<werkzeug routing>", "exec")
|
|
return self._get_func_code(code, func_ast.name)
|
|
|
|
def build(self, values, append_unknown=True):
|
|
"""Assembles the relative url for that rule and the subdomain.
|
|
If building doesn't work for some reasons `None` is returned.
|
|
|
|
:internal:
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
if append_unknown:
|
|
return self._build_unknown(**values)
|
|
else:
|
|
return self._build(**values)
|
|
except ValidationError:
|
|
return None
|
|
|
|
def provides_defaults_for(self, rule):
|
|
"""Check if this rule has defaults for a given rule.
|
|
|
|
:internal:
|
|
"""
|
|
return (
|
|
not self.build_only
|
|
and self.defaults
|
|
and self.endpoint == rule.endpoint
|
|
and self != rule
|
|
and self.arguments == rule.arguments
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def suitable_for(self, values, method=None):
|
|
"""Check if the dict of values has enough data for url generation.
|
|
|
|
:internal:
|
|
"""
|
|
# if a method was given explicitly and that method is not supported
|
|
# by this rule, this rule is not suitable.
|
|
if (
|
|
method is not None
|
|
and self.methods is not None
|
|
and method not in self.methods
|
|
):
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
defaults = self.defaults or ()
|
|
|
|
# all arguments required must be either in the defaults dict or
|
|
# the value dictionary otherwise it's not suitable
|
|
for key in self.arguments:
|
|
if key not in defaults and key not in values:
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
# in case defaults are given we ensure that either the value was
|
|
# skipped or the value is the same as the default value.
|
|
if defaults:
|
|
for key, value in iteritems(defaults):
|
|
if key in values and value != values[key]:
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
return True
|
|
|
|
def match_compare_key(self):
|
|
"""The match compare key for sorting.
|
|
|
|
Current implementation:
|
|
|
|
1. rules without any arguments come first for performance
|
|
reasons only as we expect them to match faster and some
|
|
common ones usually don't have any arguments (index pages etc.)
|
|
2. rules with more static parts come first so the second argument
|
|
is the negative length of the number of the static weights.
|
|
3. we order by static weights, which is a combination of index
|
|
and length
|
|
4. The more complex rules come first so the next argument is the
|
|
negative length of the number of argument weights.
|
|
5. lastly we order by the actual argument weights.
|
|
|
|
:internal:
|
|
"""
|
|
return (
|
|
bool(self.arguments),
|
|
-len(self._static_weights),
|
|
self._static_weights,
|
|
-len(self._argument_weights),
|
|
self._argument_weights,
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def build_compare_key(self):
|
|
"""The build compare key for sorting.
|
|
|
|
:internal:
|
|
"""
|
|
return 1 if self.alias else 0, -len(self.arguments), -len(self.defaults or ())
|
|
|
|
def __eq__(self, other):
|
|
return self.__class__ is other.__class__ and self._trace == other._trace
|
|
|
|
__hash__ = None
|
|
|
|
def __ne__(self, other):
|
|
return not self.__eq__(other)
|
|
|
|
def __str__(self):
|
|
return self.rule
|
|
|
|
@native_string_result
|
|
def __repr__(self):
|
|
if self.map is None:
|
|
return u"<%s (unbound)>" % self.__class__.__name__
|
|
tmp = []
|
|
for is_dynamic, data in self._trace:
|
|
if is_dynamic:
|
|
tmp.append(u"<%s>" % data)
|
|
else:
|
|
tmp.append(data)
|
|
return u"<%s %s%s -> %s>" % (
|
|
self.__class__.__name__,
|
|
repr((u"".join(tmp)).lstrip(u"|")).lstrip(u"u"),
|
|
self.methods is not None and u" (%s)" % u", ".join(self.methods) or u"",
|
|
self.endpoint,
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class BaseConverter(object):
|
|
"""Base class for all converters."""
|
|
|
|
regex = "[^/]+"
|
|
weight = 100
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, map):
|
|
self.map = map
|
|
|
|
def to_python(self, value):
|
|
return value
|
|
|
|
def to_url(self, value):
|
|
if isinstance(value, (bytes, bytearray)):
|
|
return _fast_url_quote(value)
|
|
return _fast_url_quote(text_type(value).encode(self.map.charset))
|
|
|
|
|
|
class UnicodeConverter(BaseConverter):
|
|
"""This converter is the default converter and accepts any string but
|
|
only one path segment. Thus the string can not include a slash.
|
|
|
|
This is the default validator.
|
|
|
|
Example::
|
|
|
|
Rule('/pages/<page>'),
|
|
Rule('/<string(length=2):lang_code>')
|
|
|
|
:param map: the :class:`Map`.
|
|
:param minlength: the minimum length of the string. Must be greater
|
|
or equal 1.
|
|
:param maxlength: the maximum length of the string.
|
|
:param length: the exact length of the string.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, map, minlength=1, maxlength=None, length=None):
|
|
BaseConverter.__init__(self, map)
|
|
if length is not None:
|
|
length = "{%d}" % int(length)
|
|
else:
|
|
if maxlength is None:
|
|
maxlength = ""
|
|
else:
|
|
maxlength = int(maxlength)
|
|
length = "{%s,%s}" % (int(minlength), maxlength)
|
|
self.regex = "[^/]" + length
|
|
|
|
|
|
class AnyConverter(BaseConverter):
|
|
"""Matches one of the items provided. Items can either be Python
|
|
identifiers or strings::
|
|
|
|
Rule('/<any(about, help, imprint, class, "foo,bar"):page_name>')
|
|
|
|
:param map: the :class:`Map`.
|
|
:param items: this function accepts the possible items as positional
|
|
arguments.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, map, *items):
|
|
BaseConverter.__init__(self, map)
|
|
self.regex = "(?:%s)" % "|".join([re.escape(x) for x in items])
|
|
|
|
|
|
class PathConverter(BaseConverter):
|
|
"""Like the default :class:`UnicodeConverter`, but it also matches
|
|
slashes. This is useful for wikis and similar applications::
|
|
|
|
Rule('/<path:wikipage>')
|
|
Rule('/<path:wikipage>/edit')
|
|
|
|
:param map: the :class:`Map`.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
regex = "[^/].*?"
|
|
weight = 200
|
|
|
|
|
|
class NumberConverter(BaseConverter):
|
|
"""Baseclass for `IntegerConverter` and `FloatConverter`.
|
|
|
|
:internal:
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
weight = 50
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, map, fixed_digits=0, min=None, max=None, signed=False):
|
|
if signed:
|
|
self.regex = self.signed_regex
|
|
BaseConverter.__init__(self, map)
|
|
self.fixed_digits = fixed_digits
|
|
self.min = min
|
|
self.max = max
|
|
self.signed = signed
|
|
|
|
def to_python(self, value):
|
|
if self.fixed_digits and len(value) != self.fixed_digits:
|
|
raise ValidationError()
|
|
value = self.num_convert(value)
|
|
if (self.min is not None and value < self.min) or (
|
|
self.max is not None and value > self.max
|
|
):
|
|
raise ValidationError()
|
|
return value
|
|
|
|
def to_url(self, value):
|
|
value = self.num_convert(value)
|
|
if self.fixed_digits:
|
|
value = ("%%0%sd" % self.fixed_digits) % value
|
|
return str(value)
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def signed_regex(self):
|
|
return r"-?" + self.regex
|
|
|
|
|
|
class IntegerConverter(NumberConverter):
|
|
"""This converter only accepts integer values::
|
|
|
|
Rule("/page/<int:page>")
|
|
|
|
By default it only accepts unsigned, positive values. The ``signed``
|
|
parameter will enable signed, negative values. ::
|
|
|
|
Rule("/page/<int(signed=True):page>")
|
|
|
|
:param map: The :class:`Map`.
|
|
:param fixed_digits: The number of fixed digits in the URL. If you
|
|
set this to ``4`` for example, the rule will only match if the
|
|
URL looks like ``/0001/``. The default is variable length.
|
|
:param min: The minimal value.
|
|
:param max: The maximal value.
|
|
:param signed: Allow signed (negative) values.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.15
|
|
The ``signed`` parameter.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
regex = r"\d+"
|
|
num_convert = int
|
|
|
|
|
|
class FloatConverter(NumberConverter):
|
|
"""This converter only accepts floating point values::
|
|
|
|
Rule("/probability/<float:probability>")
|
|
|
|
By default it only accepts unsigned, positive values. The ``signed``
|
|
parameter will enable signed, negative values. ::
|
|
|
|
Rule("/offset/<float(signed=True):offset>")
|
|
|
|
:param map: The :class:`Map`.
|
|
:param min: The minimal value.
|
|
:param max: The maximal value.
|
|
:param signed: Allow signed (negative) values.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.15
|
|
The ``signed`` parameter.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
regex = r"\d+\.\d+"
|
|
num_convert = float
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, map, min=None, max=None, signed=False):
|
|
NumberConverter.__init__(self, map, min=min, max=max, signed=signed)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class UUIDConverter(BaseConverter):
|
|
"""This converter only accepts UUID strings::
|
|
|
|
Rule('/object/<uuid:identifier>')
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.10
|
|
|
|
:param map: the :class:`Map`.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
regex = (
|
|
r"[A-Fa-f0-9]{8}-[A-Fa-f0-9]{4}-"
|
|
r"[A-Fa-f0-9]{4}-[A-Fa-f0-9]{4}-[A-Fa-f0-9]{12}"
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def to_python(self, value):
|
|
return uuid.UUID(value)
|
|
|
|
def to_url(self, value):
|
|
return str(value)
|
|
|
|
|
|
#: the default converter mapping for the map.
|
|
DEFAULT_CONVERTERS = {
|
|
"default": UnicodeConverter,
|
|
"string": UnicodeConverter,
|
|
"any": AnyConverter,
|
|
"path": PathConverter,
|
|
"int": IntegerConverter,
|
|
"float": FloatConverter,
|
|
"uuid": UUIDConverter,
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Map(object):
|
|
"""The map class stores all the URL rules and some configuration
|
|
parameters. Some of the configuration values are only stored on the
|
|
`Map` instance since those affect all rules, others are just defaults
|
|
and can be overridden for each rule. Note that you have to specify all
|
|
arguments besides the `rules` as keyword arguments!
|
|
|
|
:param rules: sequence of url rules for this map.
|
|
:param default_subdomain: The default subdomain for rules without a
|
|
subdomain defined.
|
|
:param charset: charset of the url. defaults to ``"utf-8"``
|
|
:param strict_slashes: If a rule ends with a slash but the matched
|
|
URL does not, redirect to the URL with a trailing slash.
|
|
:param merge_slashes: Merge consecutive slashes when matching or
|
|
building URLs. Matches will redirect to the normalized URL.
|
|
Slashes in variable parts are not merged.
|
|
:param redirect_defaults: This will redirect to the default rule if it
|
|
wasn't visited that way. This helps creating
|
|
unique URLs.
|
|
:param converters: A dict of converters that adds additional converters
|
|
to the list of converters. If you redefine one
|
|
converter this will override the original one.
|
|
:param sort_parameters: If set to `True` the url parameters are sorted.
|
|
See `url_encode` for more details.
|
|
:param sort_key: The sort key function for `url_encode`.
|
|
:param encoding_errors: the error method to use for decoding
|
|
:param host_matching: if set to `True` it enables the host matching
|
|
feature and disables the subdomain one. If
|
|
enabled the `host` parameter to rules is used
|
|
instead of the `subdomain` one.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 1.0
|
|
If ``url_scheme`` is ``ws`` or ``wss``, only WebSocket rules
|
|
will match.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 1.0
|
|
Added ``merge_slashes``.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 0.7
|
|
Added ``encoding_errors`` and ``host_matching``.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 0.5
|
|
Added ``sort_parameters`` and ``sort_key``.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
#: A dict of default converters to be used.
|
|
default_converters = ImmutableDict(DEFAULT_CONVERTERS)
|
|
|
|
#: The type of lock to use when updating.
|
|
#:
|
|
#: .. versionadded:: 1.0
|
|
lock_class = Lock
|
|
|
|
def __init__(
|
|
self,
|
|
rules=None,
|
|
default_subdomain="",
|
|
charset="utf-8",
|
|
strict_slashes=True,
|
|
merge_slashes=True,
|
|
redirect_defaults=True,
|
|
converters=None,
|
|
sort_parameters=False,
|
|
sort_key=None,
|
|
encoding_errors="replace",
|
|
host_matching=False,
|
|
):
|
|
self._rules = []
|
|
self._rules_by_endpoint = {}
|
|
self._remap = True
|
|
self._remap_lock = self.lock_class()
|
|
|
|
self.default_subdomain = default_subdomain
|
|
self.charset = charset
|
|
self.encoding_errors = encoding_errors
|
|
self.strict_slashes = strict_slashes
|
|
self.merge_slashes = merge_slashes
|
|
self.redirect_defaults = redirect_defaults
|
|
self.host_matching = host_matching
|
|
|
|
self.converters = self.default_converters.copy()
|
|
if converters:
|
|
self.converters.update(converters)
|
|
|
|
self.sort_parameters = sort_parameters
|
|
self.sort_key = sort_key
|
|
|
|
for rulefactory in rules or ():
|
|
self.add(rulefactory)
|
|
|
|
def is_endpoint_expecting(self, endpoint, *arguments):
|
|
"""Iterate over all rules and check if the endpoint expects
|
|
the arguments provided. This is for example useful if you have
|
|
some URLs that expect a language code and others that do not and
|
|
you want to wrap the builder a bit so that the current language
|
|
code is automatically added if not provided but endpoints expect
|
|
it.
|
|
|
|
:param endpoint: the endpoint to check.
|
|
:param arguments: this function accepts one or more arguments
|
|
as positional arguments. Each one of them is
|
|
checked.
|
|
"""
|
|
self.update()
|
|
arguments = set(arguments)
|
|
for rule in self._rules_by_endpoint[endpoint]:
|
|
if arguments.issubset(rule.arguments):
|
|
return True
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
def iter_rules(self, endpoint=None):
|
|
"""Iterate over all rules or the rules of an endpoint.
|
|
|
|
:param endpoint: if provided only the rules for that endpoint
|
|
are returned.
|
|
:return: an iterator
|
|
"""
|
|
self.update()
|
|
if endpoint is not None:
|
|
return iter(self._rules_by_endpoint[endpoint])
|
|
return iter(self._rules)
|
|
|
|
def add(self, rulefactory):
|
|
"""Add a new rule or factory to the map and bind it. Requires that the
|
|
rule is not bound to another map.
|
|
|
|
:param rulefactory: a :class:`Rule` or :class:`RuleFactory`
|
|
"""
|
|
for rule in rulefactory.get_rules(self):
|
|
rule.bind(self)
|
|
self._rules.append(rule)
|
|
self._rules_by_endpoint.setdefault(rule.endpoint, []).append(rule)
|
|
self._remap = True
|
|
|
|
def bind(
|
|
self,
|
|
server_name,
|
|
script_name=None,
|
|
subdomain=None,
|
|
url_scheme="http",
|
|
default_method="GET",
|
|
path_info=None,
|
|
query_args=None,
|
|
):
|
|
"""Return a new :class:`MapAdapter` with the details specified to the
|
|
call. Note that `script_name` will default to ``'/'`` if not further
|
|
specified or `None`. The `server_name` at least is a requirement
|
|
because the HTTP RFC requires absolute URLs for redirects and so all
|
|
redirect exceptions raised by Werkzeug will contain the full canonical
|
|
URL.
|
|
|
|
If no path_info is passed to :meth:`match` it will use the default path
|
|
info passed to bind. While this doesn't really make sense for
|
|
manual bind calls, it's useful if you bind a map to a WSGI
|
|
environment which already contains the path info.
|
|
|
|
`subdomain` will default to the `default_subdomain` for this map if
|
|
no defined. If there is no `default_subdomain` you cannot use the
|
|
subdomain feature.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 1.0
|
|
If ``url_scheme`` is ``ws`` or ``wss``, only WebSocket rules
|
|
will match.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 0.15
|
|
``path_info`` defaults to ``'/'`` if ``None``.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 0.8
|
|
``query_args`` can be a string.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 0.7
|
|
Added ``query_args``.
|
|
"""
|
|
server_name = server_name.lower()
|
|
if self.host_matching:
|
|
if subdomain is not None:
|
|
raise RuntimeError("host matching enabled and a subdomain was provided")
|
|
elif subdomain is None:
|
|
subdomain = self.default_subdomain
|
|
if script_name is None:
|
|
script_name = "/"
|
|
if path_info is None:
|
|
path_info = "/"
|
|
try:
|
|
server_name = _encode_idna(server_name)
|
|
except UnicodeError:
|
|
raise BadHost()
|
|
return MapAdapter(
|
|
self,
|
|
server_name,
|
|
script_name,
|
|
subdomain,
|
|
url_scheme,
|
|
path_info,
|
|
default_method,
|
|
query_args,
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def bind_to_environ(self, environ, server_name=None, subdomain=None):
|
|
"""Like :meth:`bind` but you can pass it an WSGI environment and it
|
|
will fetch the information from that dictionary. Note that because of
|
|
limitations in the protocol there is no way to get the current
|
|
subdomain and real `server_name` from the environment. If you don't
|
|
provide it, Werkzeug will use `SERVER_NAME` and `SERVER_PORT` (or
|
|
`HTTP_HOST` if provided) as used `server_name` with disabled subdomain
|
|
feature.
|
|
|
|
If `subdomain` is `None` but an environment and a server name is
|
|
provided it will calculate the current subdomain automatically.
|
|
Example: `server_name` is ``'example.com'`` and the `SERVER_NAME`
|
|
in the wsgi `environ` is ``'staging.dev.example.com'`` the calculated
|
|
subdomain will be ``'staging.dev'``.
|
|
|
|
If the object passed as environ has an environ attribute, the value of
|
|
this attribute is used instead. This allows you to pass request
|
|
objects. Additionally `PATH_INFO` added as a default of the
|
|
:class:`MapAdapter` so that you don't have to pass the path info to
|
|
the match method.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 1.0.0
|
|
If the passed server name specifies port 443, it will match
|
|
if the incoming scheme is ``https`` without a port.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 1.0.0
|
|
A warning is shown when the passed server name does not
|
|
match the incoming WSGI server name.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 0.8
|
|
This will no longer raise a ValueError when an unexpected server
|
|
name was passed.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 0.5
|
|
previously this method accepted a bogus `calculate_subdomain`
|
|
parameter that did not have any effect. It was removed because
|
|
of that.
|
|
|
|
:param environ: a WSGI environment.
|
|
:param server_name: an optional server name hint (see above).
|
|
:param subdomain: optionally the current subdomain (see above).
|
|
"""
|
|
environ = _get_environ(environ)
|
|
wsgi_server_name = get_host(environ).lower()
|
|
scheme = environ["wsgi.url_scheme"]
|
|
|
|
if server_name is None:
|
|
server_name = wsgi_server_name
|
|
else:
|
|
server_name = server_name.lower()
|
|
|
|
# strip standard port to match get_host()
|
|
if scheme == "http" and server_name.endswith(":80"):
|
|
server_name = server_name[:-3]
|
|
elif scheme == "https" and server_name.endswith(":443"):
|
|
server_name = server_name[:-4]
|
|
|
|
if subdomain is None and not self.host_matching:
|
|
cur_server_name = wsgi_server_name.split(".")
|
|
real_server_name = server_name.split(".")
|
|
offset = -len(real_server_name)
|
|
|
|
if cur_server_name[offset:] != real_server_name:
|
|
# This can happen even with valid configs if the server was
|
|
# accessed directly by IP address under some situations.
|
|
# Instead of raising an exception like in Werkzeug 0.7 or
|
|
# earlier we go by an invalid subdomain which will result
|
|
# in a 404 error on matching.
|
|
warnings.warn(
|
|
"Current server name '{}' doesn't match configured"
|
|
" server name '{}'".format(wsgi_server_name, server_name),
|
|
stacklevel=2,
|
|
)
|
|
subdomain = "<invalid>"
|
|
else:
|
|
subdomain = ".".join(filter(None, cur_server_name[:offset]))
|
|
|
|
def _get_wsgi_string(name):
|
|
val = environ.get(name)
|
|
if val is not None:
|
|
return wsgi_decoding_dance(val, self.charset)
|
|
|
|
script_name = _get_wsgi_string("SCRIPT_NAME")
|
|
path_info = _get_wsgi_string("PATH_INFO")
|
|
query_args = _get_wsgi_string("QUERY_STRING")
|
|
return Map.bind(
|
|
self,
|
|
server_name,
|
|
script_name,
|
|
subdomain,
|
|
scheme,
|
|
environ["REQUEST_METHOD"],
|
|
path_info,
|
|
query_args=query_args,
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def update(self):
|
|
"""Called before matching and building to keep the compiled rules
|
|
in the correct order after things changed.
|
|
"""
|
|
if not self._remap:
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
with self._remap_lock:
|
|
if not self._remap:
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
self._rules.sort(key=lambda x: x.match_compare_key())
|
|
for rules in itervalues(self._rules_by_endpoint):
|
|
rules.sort(key=lambda x: x.build_compare_key())
|
|
self._remap = False
|
|
|
|
def __repr__(self):
|
|
rules = self.iter_rules()
|
|
return "%s(%s)" % (self.__class__.__name__, pformat(list(rules)))
|
|
|
|
|
|
class MapAdapter(object):
|
|
|
|
"""Returned by :meth:`Map.bind` or :meth:`Map.bind_to_environ` and does
|
|
the URL matching and building based on runtime information.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(
|
|
self,
|
|
map,
|
|
server_name,
|
|
script_name,
|
|
subdomain,
|
|
url_scheme,
|
|
path_info,
|
|
default_method,
|
|
query_args=None,
|
|
):
|
|
self.map = map
|
|
self.server_name = to_unicode(server_name)
|
|
script_name = to_unicode(script_name)
|
|
if not script_name.endswith(u"/"):
|
|
script_name += u"/"
|
|
self.script_name = script_name
|
|
self.subdomain = to_unicode(subdomain)
|
|
self.url_scheme = to_unicode(url_scheme)
|
|
self.path_info = to_unicode(path_info)
|
|
self.default_method = to_unicode(default_method)
|
|
self.query_args = query_args
|
|
self.websocket = self.url_scheme in {"ws", "wss"}
|
|
|
|
def dispatch(
|
|
self, view_func, path_info=None, method=None, catch_http_exceptions=False
|
|
):
|
|
"""Does the complete dispatching process. `view_func` is called with
|
|
the endpoint and a dict with the values for the view. It should
|
|
look up the view function, call it, and return a response object
|
|
or WSGI application. http exceptions are not caught by default
|
|
so that applications can display nicer error messages by just
|
|
catching them by hand. If you want to stick with the default
|
|
error messages you can pass it ``catch_http_exceptions=True`` and
|
|
it will catch the http exceptions.
|
|
|
|
Here a small example for the dispatch usage::
|
|
|
|
from werkzeug.wrappers import Request, Response
|
|
from werkzeug.wsgi import responder
|
|
from werkzeug.routing import Map, Rule
|
|
|
|
def on_index(request):
|
|
return Response('Hello from the index')
|
|
|
|
url_map = Map([Rule('/', endpoint='index')])
|
|
views = {'index': on_index}
|
|
|
|
@responder
|
|
def application(environ, start_response):
|
|
request = Request(environ)
|
|
urls = url_map.bind_to_environ(environ)
|
|
return urls.dispatch(lambda e, v: views[e](request, **v),
|
|
catch_http_exceptions=True)
|
|
|
|
Keep in mind that this method might return exception objects, too, so
|
|
use :class:`Response.force_type` to get a response object.
|
|
|
|
:param view_func: a function that is called with the endpoint as
|
|
first argument and the value dict as second. Has
|
|
to dispatch to the actual view function with this
|
|
information. (see above)
|
|
:param path_info: the path info to use for matching. Overrides the
|
|
path info specified on binding.
|
|
:param method: the HTTP method used for matching. Overrides the
|
|
method specified on binding.
|
|
:param catch_http_exceptions: set to `True` to catch any of the
|
|
werkzeug :class:`HTTPException`\\s.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
try:
|
|
endpoint, args = self.match(path_info, method)
|
|
except RequestRedirect as e:
|
|
return e
|
|
return view_func(endpoint, args)
|
|
except HTTPException as e:
|
|
if catch_http_exceptions:
|
|
return e
|
|
raise
|
|
|
|
def match(
|
|
self,
|
|
path_info=None,
|
|
method=None,
|
|
return_rule=False,
|
|
query_args=None,
|
|
websocket=None,
|
|
):
|
|
"""The usage is simple: you just pass the match method the current
|
|
path info as well as the method (which defaults to `GET`). The
|
|
following things can then happen:
|
|
|
|
- you receive a `NotFound` exception that indicates that no URL is
|
|
matching. A `NotFound` exception is also a WSGI application you
|
|
can call to get a default page not found page (happens to be the
|
|
same object as `werkzeug.exceptions.NotFound`)
|
|
|
|
- you receive a `MethodNotAllowed` exception that indicates that there
|
|
is a match for this URL but not for the current request method.
|
|
This is useful for RESTful applications.
|
|
|
|
- you receive a `RequestRedirect` exception with a `new_url`
|
|
attribute. This exception is used to notify you about a request
|
|
Werkzeug requests from your WSGI application. This is for example the
|
|
case if you request ``/foo`` although the correct URL is ``/foo/``
|
|
You can use the `RequestRedirect` instance as response-like object
|
|
similar to all other subclasses of `HTTPException`.
|
|
|
|
- you receive a ``WebsocketMismatch`` exception if the only
|
|
match is a WebSocket rule but the bind is an HTTP request, or
|
|
if the match is an HTTP rule but the bind is a WebSocket
|
|
request.
|
|
|
|
- you get a tuple in the form ``(endpoint, arguments)`` if there is
|
|
a match (unless `return_rule` is True, in which case you get a tuple
|
|
in the form ``(rule, arguments)``)
|
|
|
|
If the path info is not passed to the match method the default path
|
|
info of the map is used (defaults to the root URL if not defined
|
|
explicitly).
|
|
|
|
All of the exceptions raised are subclasses of `HTTPException` so they
|
|
can be used as WSGI responses. They will all render generic error or
|
|
redirect pages.
|
|
|
|
Here is a small example for matching:
|
|
|
|
>>> m = Map([
|
|
... Rule('/', endpoint='index'),
|
|
... Rule('/downloads/', endpoint='downloads/index'),
|
|
... Rule('/downloads/<int:id>', endpoint='downloads/show')
|
|
... ])
|
|
>>> urls = m.bind("example.com", "/")
|
|
>>> urls.match("/", "GET")
|
|
('index', {})
|
|
>>> urls.match("/downloads/42")
|
|
('downloads/show', {'id': 42})
|
|
|
|
And here is what happens on redirect and missing URLs:
|
|
|
|
>>> urls.match("/downloads")
|
|
Traceback (most recent call last):
|
|
...
|
|
RequestRedirect: http://example.com/downloads/
|
|
>>> urls.match("/missing")
|
|
Traceback (most recent call last):
|
|
...
|
|
NotFound: 404 Not Found
|
|
|
|
:param path_info: the path info to use for matching. Overrides the
|
|
path info specified on binding.
|
|
:param method: the HTTP method used for matching. Overrides the
|
|
method specified on binding.
|
|
:param return_rule: return the rule that matched instead of just the
|
|
endpoint (defaults to `False`).
|
|
:param query_args: optional query arguments that are used for
|
|
automatic redirects as string or dictionary. It's
|
|
currently not possible to use the query arguments
|
|
for URL matching.
|
|
:param websocket: Match WebSocket instead of HTTP requests. A
|
|
websocket request has a ``ws`` or ``wss``
|
|
:attr:`url_scheme`. This overrides that detection.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 1.0
|
|
Added ``websocket``.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 0.8
|
|
``query_args`` can be a string.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.7
|
|
Added ``query_args``.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.6
|
|
Added ``return_rule``.
|
|
"""
|
|
self.map.update()
|
|
if path_info is None:
|
|
path_info = self.path_info
|
|
else:
|
|
path_info = to_unicode(path_info, self.map.charset)
|
|
if query_args is None:
|
|
query_args = self.query_args
|
|
method = (method or self.default_method).upper()
|
|
|
|
if websocket is None:
|
|
websocket = self.websocket
|
|
|
|
require_redirect = False
|
|
|
|
path = u"%s|%s" % (
|
|
self.map.host_matching and self.server_name or self.subdomain,
|
|
path_info and "/%s" % path_info.lstrip("/"),
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
have_match_for = set()
|
|
websocket_mismatch = False
|
|
|
|
for rule in self.map._rules:
|
|
try:
|
|
rv = rule.match(path, method)
|
|
except RequestPath as e:
|
|
raise RequestRedirect(
|
|
self.make_redirect_url(
|
|
url_quote(e.path_info, self.map.charset, safe="/:|+"),
|
|
query_args,
|
|
)
|
|
)
|
|
except RequestAliasRedirect as e:
|
|
raise RequestRedirect(
|
|
self.make_alias_redirect_url(
|
|
path, rule.endpoint, e.matched_values, method, query_args
|
|
)
|
|
)
|
|
if rv is None:
|
|
continue
|
|
if rule.methods is not None and method not in rule.methods:
|
|
have_match_for.update(rule.methods)
|
|
continue
|
|
|
|
if rule.websocket != websocket:
|
|
websocket_mismatch = True
|
|
continue
|
|
|
|
if self.map.redirect_defaults:
|
|
redirect_url = self.get_default_redirect(rule, method, rv, query_args)
|
|
if redirect_url is not None:
|
|
raise RequestRedirect(redirect_url)
|
|
|
|
if rule.redirect_to is not None:
|
|
if isinstance(rule.redirect_to, string_types):
|
|
|
|
def _handle_match(match):
|
|
value = rv[match.group(1)]
|
|
return rule._converters[match.group(1)].to_url(value)
|
|
|
|
redirect_url = _simple_rule_re.sub(_handle_match, rule.redirect_to)
|
|
else:
|
|
redirect_url = rule.redirect_to(self, **rv)
|
|
raise RequestRedirect(
|
|
str(
|
|
url_join(
|
|
"%s://%s%s%s"
|
|
% (
|
|
self.url_scheme or "http",
|
|
self.subdomain + "." if self.subdomain else "",
|
|
self.server_name,
|
|
self.script_name,
|
|
),
|
|
redirect_url,
|
|
)
|
|
)
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
if require_redirect:
|
|
raise RequestRedirect(
|
|
self.make_redirect_url(
|
|
url_quote(path_info, self.map.charset, safe="/:|+"), query_args
|
|
)
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
if return_rule:
|
|
return rule, rv
|
|
else:
|
|
return rule.endpoint, rv
|
|
|
|
if have_match_for:
|
|
raise MethodNotAllowed(valid_methods=list(have_match_for))
|
|
|
|
if websocket_mismatch:
|
|
raise WebsocketMismatch()
|
|
|
|
raise NotFound()
|
|
|
|
def test(self, path_info=None, method=None):
|
|
"""Test if a rule would match. Works like `match` but returns `True`
|
|
if the URL matches, or `False` if it does not exist.
|
|
|
|
:param path_info: the path info to use for matching. Overrides the
|
|
path info specified on binding.
|
|
:param method: the HTTP method used for matching. Overrides the
|
|
method specified on binding.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
self.match(path_info, method)
|
|
except RequestRedirect:
|
|
pass
|
|
except HTTPException:
|
|
return False
|
|
return True
|
|
|
|
def allowed_methods(self, path_info=None):
|
|
"""Returns the valid methods that match for a given path.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.7
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
self.match(path_info, method="--")
|
|
except MethodNotAllowed as e:
|
|
return e.valid_methods
|
|
except HTTPException:
|
|
pass
|
|
return []
|
|
|
|
def get_host(self, domain_part):
|
|
"""Figures out the full host name for the given domain part. The
|
|
domain part is a subdomain in case host matching is disabled or
|
|
a full host name.
|
|
"""
|
|
if self.map.host_matching:
|
|
if domain_part is None:
|
|
return self.server_name
|
|
return to_unicode(domain_part, "ascii")
|
|
subdomain = domain_part
|
|
if subdomain is None:
|
|
subdomain = self.subdomain
|
|
else:
|
|
subdomain = to_unicode(subdomain, "ascii")
|
|
return (subdomain + u"." if subdomain else u"") + self.server_name
|
|
|
|
def get_default_redirect(self, rule, method, values, query_args):
|
|
"""A helper that returns the URL to redirect to if it finds one.
|
|
This is used for default redirecting only.
|
|
|
|
:internal:
|
|
"""
|
|
assert self.map.redirect_defaults
|
|
for r in self.map._rules_by_endpoint[rule.endpoint]:
|
|
# every rule that comes after this one, including ourself
|
|
# has a lower priority for the defaults. We order the ones
|
|
# with the highest priority up for building.
|
|
if r is rule:
|
|
break
|
|
if r.provides_defaults_for(rule) and r.suitable_for(values, method):
|
|
values.update(r.defaults)
|
|
domain_part, path = r.build(values)
|
|
return self.make_redirect_url(path, query_args, domain_part=domain_part)
|
|
|
|
def encode_query_args(self, query_args):
|
|
if not isinstance(query_args, string_types):
|
|
query_args = url_encode(query_args, self.map.charset)
|
|
return query_args
|
|
|
|
def make_redirect_url(self, path_info, query_args=None, domain_part=None):
|
|
"""Creates a redirect URL.
|
|
|
|
:internal:
|
|
"""
|
|
suffix = ""
|
|
if query_args:
|
|
suffix = "?" + self.encode_query_args(query_args)
|
|
return str(
|
|
"%s://%s/%s%s"
|
|
% (
|
|
self.url_scheme or "http",
|
|
self.get_host(domain_part),
|
|
posixpath.join(
|
|
self.script_name[:-1].lstrip("/"), path_info.lstrip("/")
|
|
),
|
|
suffix,
|
|
)
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def make_alias_redirect_url(self, path, endpoint, values, method, query_args):
|
|
"""Internally called to make an alias redirect URL."""
|
|
url = self.build(
|
|
endpoint, values, method, append_unknown=False, force_external=True
|
|
)
|
|
if query_args:
|
|
url += "?" + self.encode_query_args(query_args)
|
|
assert url != path, "detected invalid alias setting. No canonical URL found"
|
|
return url
|
|
|
|
def _partial_build(self, endpoint, values, method, append_unknown):
|
|
"""Helper for :meth:`build`. Returns subdomain and path for the
|
|
rule that accepts this endpoint, values and method.
|
|
|
|
:internal:
|
|
"""
|
|
# in case the method is none, try with the default method first
|
|
if method is None:
|
|
rv = self._partial_build(
|
|
endpoint, values, self.default_method, append_unknown
|
|
)
|
|
if rv is not None:
|
|
return rv
|
|
|
|
# Default method did not match or a specific method is passed.
|
|
# Check all for first match with matching host. If no matching
|
|
# host is found, go with first result.
|
|
first_match = None
|
|
|
|
for rule in self.map._rules_by_endpoint.get(endpoint, ()):
|
|
if rule.suitable_for(values, method):
|
|
rv = rule.build(values, append_unknown)
|
|
|
|
if rv is not None:
|
|
rv = (rv[0], rv[1], rule.websocket)
|
|
if self.map.host_matching:
|
|
if rv[0] == self.server_name:
|
|
return rv
|
|
elif first_match is None:
|
|
first_match = rv
|
|
else:
|
|
return rv
|
|
|
|
return first_match
|
|
|
|
def build(
|
|
self,
|
|
endpoint,
|
|
values=None,
|
|
method=None,
|
|
force_external=False,
|
|
append_unknown=True,
|
|
):
|
|
"""Building URLs works pretty much the other way round. Instead of
|
|
`match` you call `build` and pass it the endpoint and a dict of
|
|
arguments for the placeholders.
|
|
|
|
The `build` function also accepts an argument called `force_external`
|
|
which, if you set it to `True` will force external URLs. Per default
|
|
external URLs (include the server name) will only be used if the
|
|
target URL is on a different subdomain.
|
|
|
|
>>> m = Map([
|
|
... Rule('/', endpoint='index'),
|
|
... Rule('/downloads/', endpoint='downloads/index'),
|
|
... Rule('/downloads/<int:id>', endpoint='downloads/show')
|
|
... ])
|
|
>>> urls = m.bind("example.com", "/")
|
|
>>> urls.build("index", {})
|
|
'/'
|
|
>>> urls.build("downloads/show", {'id': 42})
|
|
'/downloads/42'
|
|
>>> urls.build("downloads/show", {'id': 42}, force_external=True)
|
|
'http://example.com/downloads/42'
|
|
|
|
Because URLs cannot contain non ASCII data you will always get
|
|
bytestrings back. Non ASCII characters are urlencoded with the
|
|
charset defined on the map instance.
|
|
|
|
Additional values are converted to unicode and appended to the URL as
|
|
URL querystring parameters:
|
|
|
|
>>> urls.build("index", {'q': 'My Searchstring'})
|
|
'/?q=My+Searchstring'
|
|
|
|
When processing those additional values, lists are furthermore
|
|
interpreted as multiple values (as per
|
|
:py:class:`werkzeug.datastructures.MultiDict`):
|
|
|
|
>>> urls.build("index", {'q': ['a', 'b', 'c']})
|
|
'/?q=a&q=b&q=c'
|
|
|
|
Passing a ``MultiDict`` will also add multiple values:
|
|
|
|
>>> urls.build("index", MultiDict((('p', 'z'), ('q', 'a'), ('q', 'b'))))
|
|
'/?p=z&q=a&q=b'
|
|
|
|
If a rule does not exist when building a `BuildError` exception is
|
|
raised.
|
|
|
|
The build method accepts an argument called `method` which allows you
|
|
to specify the method you want to have an URL built for if you have
|
|
different methods for the same endpoint specified.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 0.6
|
|
the `append_unknown` parameter was added.
|
|
|
|
:param endpoint: the endpoint of the URL to build.
|
|
:param values: the values for the URL to build. Unhandled values are
|
|
appended to the URL as query parameters.
|
|
:param method: the HTTP method for the rule if there are different
|
|
URLs for different methods on the same endpoint.
|
|
:param force_external: enforce full canonical external URLs. If the URL
|
|
scheme is not provided, this will generate
|
|
a protocol-relative URL.
|
|
:param append_unknown: unknown parameters are appended to the generated
|
|
URL as query string argument. Disable this
|
|
if you want the builder to ignore those.
|
|
"""
|
|
self.map.update()
|
|
|
|
if values:
|
|
if isinstance(values, MultiDict):
|
|
temp_values = {}
|
|
# iteritems(dict, values) is like `values.lists()`
|
|
# without the call or `list()` coercion overhead.
|
|
for key, value in iteritems(dict, values):
|
|
if not value:
|
|
continue
|
|
if len(value) == 1: # flatten single item lists
|
|
value = value[0]
|
|
if value is None: # drop None
|
|
continue
|
|
temp_values[key] = value
|
|
values = temp_values
|
|
else:
|
|
# drop None
|
|
values = dict(i for i in iteritems(values) if i[1] is not None)
|
|
else:
|
|
values = {}
|
|
|
|
rv = self._partial_build(endpoint, values, method, append_unknown)
|
|
if rv is None:
|
|
raise BuildError(endpoint, values, method, self)
|
|
|
|
domain_part, path, websocket = rv
|
|
host = self.get_host(domain_part)
|
|
|
|
# Always build WebSocket routes with the scheme (browsers
|
|
# require full URLs). If bound to a WebSocket, ensure that HTTP
|
|
# routes are built with an HTTP scheme.
|
|
url_scheme = self.url_scheme
|
|
secure = url_scheme in {"https", "wss"}
|
|
|
|
if websocket:
|
|
force_external = True
|
|
url_scheme = "wss" if secure else "ws"
|
|
elif url_scheme:
|
|
url_scheme = "https" if secure else "http"
|
|
|
|
# shortcut this.
|
|
if not force_external and (
|
|
(self.map.host_matching and host == self.server_name)
|
|
or (not self.map.host_matching and domain_part == self.subdomain)
|
|
):
|
|
return "%s/%s" % (self.script_name.rstrip("/"), path.lstrip("/"))
|
|
return str(
|
|
"%s//%s%s/%s"
|
|
% (
|
|
url_scheme + ":" if url_scheme else "",
|
|
host,
|
|
self.script_name[:-1],
|
|
path.lstrip("/"),
|
|
)
|
|
)
|